Indonesia’s Multilateral Diplomacy Role At The Unregarding The Israel-Palestine Conflict At 2020-2023 Un General Assembly Session

The Israel–Palestine conflict is one of the most complex and protracted international issues, involving political, legal, and humanitarian dimensions. For Indonesia, this issue holds strategic significance as it aligns with the constitutional mandate to oppose colonialism and uphold global justice. Support for Palestine has consistently been a priority of Indonesia’s foreign policy, particularly through multilateral forums such as the United Nations (UN). The purpose of this research is to analyze the role of Indonesia’s multilateral diplomacy in the UN General Assembly (UNGA) regarding the Israel–Palestine conflict during the 2020–2023 period. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach, drawing upon official UN documents, statements from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, and relevant academic literature. The theoretical framework is based on Holsti’s role theory, which explains how Indonesia interprets and carries out its normative role in the international arena, as well as diplomacy theory, which emphasizes diplomacy as a primary instrument for achieving national interests through peaceful means. The findings show that Indonesia has consistently utilized the UNGA to advocate for the rights of the Palestinian people through various forms of diplomacy, such as active participation in sessions, co-sponsorship of resolutions, support for the International Court of Justice’s Advisory Opinion (2022), and strengthening coalitions with the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and the Non-Aligned Movement. Although the effectiveness of Indonesia’s diplomacy is constrained by the non-binding nature of UNGA resolutions and global geopolitical dynamics, these efforts contribute to maintaining the international legitimacy of the Palestinian cause, reinforcing global solidarity, and reaffirming Indonesia’s identity as a nation committed to anti-colonialism and world peace.