SURVIVAL MECHANISM OF ORNAMENTAL FISH FARMERS (A Study of Ornamental Fish Farmers in Badal Pandean Village, Ngadiluwih District, Kediri Regency, East Java)

The ornamental fish farming business has the potential to become an important source of livelihood in rural areas, including Badal Pandean Village, Ngadiluwih Subdistrict, Kediri Regency. Supportive geographical conditions, water availability, and market access have encouraged some residents to choose this sector as their livelihood. However, market dynamics, capital constraints, and environmental challenges require effective survival mechanisms. This study aims to examine adaptation strategies and the role of social capital in the sustainability of ornamental fish farming businesses. The method used is descriptive qualitative. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 14 informants, supplemented by observations and documentation, and validated through triangulation of sources. Analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that approximately 28% of residents are ornamental fish farmers with diverse backgrounds and motivations. The main driving factors include favorable regional conditions for aquaculture, adequate water resources, and relatively easy market access. The challenges faced include capital issues, competition, and environmental risks. To overcome this, farmers developed adaptation strategies based on creativity and the utilization of local resources. Social capital, consisting of trust, networks, and norms, played a significant role through cooperation, information exchange, and community support. In conclusion, the success of ornamental fish farmers in surviving does not only depend on economic capital, but is also strongly influenced by social capital. These findings are relevant as a basis for formulating empowerment strategies for ornamental fish farmers in villages.